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Journal archive

№6(72) November-december 2017 year

Content:

IT management

Information economy

The paper reveals the essence, features, and characteristics of the information economy. The tendencies toward transformation in the economic development within industrial enterprises in the area of information and communication are demonstrated on the basis of this analysis. The specific features of the current state of industrial development in Russia are shown and the role of institutions in enabling innovative activity by enterprises in the real sector of the economy is described. Tools are proposed for the information economy, permitting the elimination of current limitations and enabling the functions of institutions of innovative industrial development in the conditions of considerable regional variation. Particular attention is paid to the potential for electronic government in the industrial development of the economy.

Virtual reality

Author: L. Reingold

The article suggests an approach for complex analysis of the processes of appearance and application of metaphors in the introduction of new technologies. A metaphor is a generalized image of a phenomenon that reflects its basic features. This concept is not yet quite consciously used for the complex description of information technology. Metaphor is an indispensable element in the process of constructing a new phenomenon, allowing one to combine the views of parties interested in information technologies: end users, the state, business, science, technology makers. Metaphors allow to think out and develop specific representations of interested persons about an object of interest. This is understandable for the basis of the semantic «skeleton», the concept of the phenomenon. Successful metaphors are assimilated by all stakeholders and become drivers for the development of technologies and the entire infrastructure of society. The purpose of the metaphor is a holistic and understandable display of phenomena. This is the center of crystallization of the system of meanings of society in the direction of technological development. From this point of view metaphors are considered digitalization, digital economy, IoT, Industry 4.0 and others. Areas for a comprehensive study of metaphors, possible approaches to formalizing the description of their content. In general, metaphors set the direction of development of modern society, helps to form mechanisms for effective management. It is a tool for constructing and introducing new needs, a universal tool for a clear understanding of changing reality.

Quality management

Author: E. Romanova

To improve the quality information support for state management, a lot of specially integrated information systems are being developed to the control of the Russian Federation specific departments and ministries. This systems purpose is complex automation of all levels activities of government and providing information interaction with each other and external objects. The research urgency is due to the complexity of state information systems performance, the increasing necessity in data reliability, the widening range of audits carried out to ensure control at all stages of the data flow. This is especially true of data coming from different sources that have an ambiguous degree of verification. Note that the developed system is constantly expanding, in the new services forms and mobile versions. This process is aimed at increasing level of data openness, their availability to the population and processes transparency for obtaining them. Conducting an analytical study of the use of various parameters for state information systems data quality assessment will allow us to identify proposals for data quality control. In this article, author presents the parameters to specify the data quality in Ishikawa diagram, and the aspects formalization of state information systems data quality assurance processes. Recommendations have been given for further usage by system analysts, IT specialists in the development of complex information systems.

IT and education

Educational environment

Author: Y. Nefedov

According to grouth of Coursera popularity in Russia it’s interesting to analyse the educational methods used on the platform. In 2016 the grouth was more than 50% thanks to globalization. So the courses placed on Coursera are now competititors of Russian courses and Russian educational providers need to study good practice. An important specificity of Coursera courses is their adult orientation. That means students motivation for learning, their life experience and time management skills. So educational methods have preconditions for use and sometimes couldn’t be applicable. Organization of learning process as a hierarchy «specializations — courses — weeks» is not a standard approach in Russia and it could require to adapt existing learning programs. So, key leaning methods and techniques that could be good practice are: Executed assignment as public portfolio could grow leaning motivation and responsibility of a student; surely this method assumes to change assignments systematically; Рееr assesement is an interesting method that force a student to see other ways of task decisions and to get informative feedback without a teacher; Interactive simulators could rapidly accelerate learning process especially with several levels of hints for a student. As a remark we don’t recommend to implement all the methods without adaptation. Perhaps, Coursera courses originally intended to be autonomous but teacher involvement could be value-added for a student.

Authors: O. Shilova, A. Yurkov

The article confirms that the leading world-class universities focus special attention on the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in their educational and research activities. Multifunctional and effective use of ICT is perceived by the world-class universities as a major factor which provides their global competitiveness. The leading Russian universities in their development programs also pay special attention to this problem. The article presents an attempt to analyze, think over and single out the principal qualities of the world-class leading universities in terms of the ICT use in education and the peculiar features of their educational systems. The J. Salmi1 model is used as the analyses’ basis which describes the interrelation of the factors providing global competitiveness and successful functioning of the leading world-class universities. The conclusion is that the key factors of provision for the university competitiveness in terms of strategic development are the modern information and communication technologies as well as the educational resources created with the use of the ICT and the innovational education system answering the demands of the digital future.

Software engineering

Models and althorithms

Author: D. Roshchin

The article discusses the prospects of creation of systems of automatic control of UAVS implement the computer vision. Describes the method of using computer vision is aimed at improving the accuracy of measurements of deviations from the flight path of the UAV and providing the ability to automatically generate photomontages in real time during the aerial. Check this method for performance and assessment of its methodological error. If necessary, create photomontages on a large scale, aerial photographs have to at low altitude or when a large focal length of the lens. The required values of the overlapping frames is reduced so that the navigation equipment of UAV are no longer able to provide the specified route of flight within the required tolerances. As a result, the photomontage may be gaps. To address this problem, a method was developed that implements the possibility to build automatic control system for UAVS. This method allows to increase the accuracy of determining deviations from the flight path of the UAV and provides automatic generation of photomontages in real time. This gives you the ability to carry out aerial works at low altitudes and create photomontages on a large scale in compliance with the required overlapping frames.

Simulation

Theory and practice

The article describes a variant of the linear railway station model of (which contains two main and two secondary path) on double-track railway section. A common problem is to find modeling evaluation of mathematical expectation indicator simulation system at in real time. Simulation model created by AnyLogic Personal Learning Edition allows to simulate the basic status of the railway station, of external influence exerted by means of destruction of likely enemy. The proposed structure of a model allows to reproduce the logic of functioning railway station, having it ways located on double- track railway section. When it operates in conditions of exposure to the enemy, it will be actually modeled the finding each station way in one of the possible state. The time spent of the station track in one of the conditions and the order of their modification depends on:
• the number of destination station which sets for each train if the number of the station matches number of simulated station;
• the type of the trailing load (practically it reflects the time of execution loading-unloading operations);
• the intensity of defeating means impacting on the enemy expressed in amount of impacts, amount of destruction means used within one action, amount of explosive material in singular destruction mean of trinitrotoluene (TNT) equivalent;
• the recovery time of working capacity railway tracks in case of damage by enemy’s destruction means.

Actor modeling

Genetic algorithms are used in various forms to solve scientific and technical problems. They are used to create computational structures. In machine learning, they are used in the design of neural networks or in the control of robots. They are also used to model development in different subject areas, including social, economic and political systems. It is possible and heuristic-mathematical application of genetic algorithms for multiparameter functions optimization. Most real problems can be formulated as the search for the optimal value, where such a value is a complex function, depending on certain input parameters. In cases where the exact optimum is not needed, a solution can be any value that is better than a given value. Then the genetic algorithm is an acceptable method for finding «acceptable » values. The strength of the genetic algorithm lies in its ability to manipulate many parameters simultaneously; this is used in different projects, including even aircraft design. However, the formal, purely mathematical application of such algorithms, without taking into account time characteristics, dynamics and other features of real processes, where they are applied, can either not give a rational effect, or lead to an erroneous decision. One of the ways of linking the appropriate models of decision support to dynamics is a complex modeling of the studied processes on the basis of simulation modeling using genetically-based algorithms.

Teacher’s portfolio

Mathematical models in economy

The implementation of a table-modeling queuing system is based on the algorithm of the simulated system functions without writing the programs code. This was developed by algorithmic models in Microsoft Excel based on the principle of «programming without programming». The simulation algorithm consists of the queuing system changing steps with discreteness in time, and the new state — which the system moves to the next step — is determined by its state in the previous step. Thus, step by step, the state of the queuing system is simulated, which in turn simulates the process functions of the queuing system. When constructing a queuing system table model, only the minimum information necessary is used for solving the problem, which transforms into intermediate results. This is necessary and sufficient to obtain the result. In this paper, we prove the possibility of using spreadsheets as a convenient and effective simulation environment for a class of systems that represent a random process, with discrete states and continuous time. The use of the presented table models in the educational process increase in effectiveness, as it allows demonstrating visual results of the functioning of dynamic systems and processes. It provides ample opportunities for conducting model experiments and visual representation of simulation results. The developed table models of computational algorithms can be used in a practical computerized practical set of disciplines, in which questions of queuing theory are touched upon.

Point of view

Methodology of science

The article formulates the foundations of the transition from research and simulation of intelligent behavior subject to research and modelling of natural intelligence. The basic provisions for such a transition are contained in the translation studies research areas artificial intelligence in science positions. A priori is not ambiguous interpretation of «objectively separate entity, objectively initiated by typing» and ‘objective order of several entities». These (interpreted) concepts used in the article in the interpretation of concepts: «objectively separate processing operation knowledge», «objective-initiated typing of operations (formation of species) treatment of knowledge,» «objective ordering of many types of knowledge processing», «feature of epistemological models» and «objectively allocated to a class of models of knowledge.» This shows the existence and possibility of identifying objective characteristics proposed for modeling natural intelligence and epistemological models (components of natural intelligence). The article also shows that the structured network, in computer models of knowledge can not be implemented other than using a pre-typed nodes and links. In case of formation of link types and node types for computer models of the knowledge to be used exclusively objectivism. Convincingly shown that the possibility of implementing a specific set of characteristics forms epistemological model, in computer models of knowledge, corresponds to the correlation of these models is objectively allocated to a particular class. In other words, the knowledge of different classes can and should be implemented vary in their lists of link types and node types. A selection of link types and node types for models of knowledge should be performed solely for the purpose of implementing specific functions, specific a lot of which is one or the other, but the specific operation processing of knowledge.