Journal archive
IT business |
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Business analytics |
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Business analysis is fundamental to organizations seeking to maximize business value. The body
of knowledge on business analysis includes six areas of knowledge: planning and monitoring business
analysis; identifying requirements and working with stakeholders; requirements life cycle management;
strategic analysis; requirements analysis and design solutions; evaluation of the quality of
the decision. The goal of business analysis planning is to determine an effective approach to achieve
the objectives of the project. Agile business analysis applies flexible thinking to fundamental knowledge,
competencies and business analysis methods. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach
to business analysis planning in a specific company for making an innovative decision. The tasks are
formulated that are solved in planning a business analysis. The forecast and adaptive approaches to
business analysis, their features and differences are compared. Company N, which is considered in
the work, plans to engage in the leasing of standardized online store site management software to the
mainstream consumer and other web development services. It is assumed that the rented website will
be integrated with the business process automation system and an ERP tool such as warehouse management
with the ability to integrate with the 1C system and translation of the website into 5 languages.
Rental of software will be based on the SaaS model (“software as a service”). The services
provided by сompany N allow other companies to avoid the risks associated with investing in their
own website. Prior to the start of business analysis planning, the potential segment of the clientele is
determined with the need to rent the website, the advantages and disadvantages of the service for the
buyer. In this paper, only the following main tasks of business analysis planning are considered: identification
of stakeholders; planning ways to implement business analyst communications with stakeholders;
planning an approach to managing requirements using Agile methodology; business process
modeling. The process of managing requirements by Agile methodology is considered in more detail:
the development of a fully functional version of the product has been modeled.
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IT management |
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Resource management |
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New trends in human resource management (HRM) require information systems to be
compliant with fast–changing business requirements and tasks. The article presents the results
of HRM tasks analysis through the prism of using the capabilities of information technologies to
support actual HRM tools. New applications of such a tool as a competency model are discussed.
The proposed decision–making support algorithm for planning activities in the field of personnel
development, based on the use of a company’s competency model, is described.
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IT and education |
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Training IT specialists |
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The study shows that the key problems in the training of specialists in interdisciplinary areas are
the lack of shared understanding of the content of professional competencies and a variety of re-quests
for knowledge and skills of graduates. For interdisciplinary educational programs, such as Busi-ness
Informatics and Applied Informatics in the economy, the problem is aggravated by the fact that the
rapid development of information technologies leads to a constant change in the requirements of
employers. To solve these problems, universities need mechanisms for constant adaptation of educational
programs to the labor market in a digital environment. The conducted investigation allows to
distinguish the following mechanisms: design of educational standards taking into account professional
standards, professional and public accreditation, councils of educational programs, questioning of
grad-uates and employers, participation of employers at all stages of the educational process. Due to
the lack of effective procedures for the use of these mechanisms, they are often applied formally. The
paper pre-sents the procedures for the implementation of these mechanisms, tested for five years in
the process of constant improvement of bachelor and master programs in “Business Informatics” at
Saint Petersburg State University. The proposed procedures can be successfully replicated for other
universities regarding their specifics.
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Software engineering |
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Network Technologies |
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The article discusses the new features provided in situational-oriented databases (SODB) for the
implementation of microservice architecture. SODB - a project integrator of heterogeneous data within
the approach polyglot persistence on the base of the information processor, built-managed situational
model. Access to heterogeneous data is organized in the SODB based on the concept of virtual documents
that are displayed on heterogeneous physical data. The article discusses the microservice architecture
based on SODB, a modern approach that provides better scalability and modifiability of web
applications based on HTTP requests. The task is set to process HTTP requests by the microservice
within the framework of the general concept of virtual documents. To solve the problem, a new type
of virtual document has been introduced, which is displayed on an HTTP request, which facilitates
the microservice, on the one hand, access to the request properties and the data attached to it, and on
the other, the formation of an HTTP response. The article discusses how to process an HTTP request
using an example of a typical situational model of a microservice that maintains a relational database
table based on a data source - an external web service. The structure of the situational model that processes
and forms the response depending on the type of request and the situations encountered is examined
in detail. An example of the practical implementation of a complex of microservices based on
SODB for monitoring student views of educational videos on YouTube is given.
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Information infrastructure |
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The organization of information exchange in active data production is one of the main tasks of
the digital economy. Many economic institutions, such as the Rosstat, the Federal Tax Service, the
Central Bank of Russia have become data aggregators, whose work is based on industrial methods of
data consuming and data production. Main part of the data traffic today refers to the financial content.
Information modeling includes four classes of objects involved in the performance of economic processes:
physical assets, financial assets, intangible assets and people. The paper shows the methods of
information modeling, based on a meaningful perception of socio-economic processes that will allow
to extend this ideology to other categories of objects.
Information circulation is organized through the exchange through the central hub. The paper considers
the option of data warehouse on the ontology basis, as a tool for bringing together management
and information technology points of view. The organization of information exchange between systems
through a central hub implies correct overlay data located in different sources. To solve this problem,
a Data Vault storage model was used. There are various techniques for implementing this model, and
the ontology variant was used in the work. The standard version assumes the solution of the existing
tasks of the application and does not take into account the adequacy the data model and the domain.
The article describes the features of the data preparation phase for loading into the ontology based
data warehouse. The composition of data preparation operations in this case differs from the standard
approach, since it involves checking the relevance of individual constituent elements of the ontology
hierarchy. The paper describes a tool for checking the relevance of data describing individual objects
and transactions. The ontological representation of the domain allows to organize a through connection
between the formalized reflection of the domain and the exchange data model.
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The article analyzes the impact of digitalization on the development of a particular country
through the example of Russia. Digitalization can only be considered as a trend of effective world
development under certain conditions. As the position of any country in the world community
is largely determined by the influence of such trend, it becomes relevant to assess the degree
of penetration of the digitalization into all aspects of its life. The Digital Economy and Society
Index (DESI) and the International Digital Economy and Society Index (I–DESI) only evaluate
the positive results of the influence of digitalization. As negative consequences are possible
also, they must be assessed. The article separates the «digitization penetration» concept which
only evaluates positive results of digitalization and the «impact of digitization» concept which
evaluates both positive and possible negative consequences thereof. The example of Russia in
the article reflects not only the penetration, but also the impact of digitalization on Russia’s life.
Regretfully, the analysis showed insufficient consideration of the possible negative effects of
digitalization. The article proposes a list of measures to manage the processes of digitization.
Their implementation on the basis of management programs and regulatory environment should
ensure positive results of digitization exceeding the possible negative ones. This will correspond
to the effective impact of digitization on the economic and social life of Russia.
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Digitalization, which is based on information technology (it), changes all aspects of life. These
changes are superimposed on the previous evolution of man and the natural environment. There is a
critical dependence on technology, which can cause a collapse in society, economy and nature. The
article deals with the issues related to the inclusion of new structural elements in the natural and information
environment. There is a demand for a holistic, from the standpoint of improving the quality
and safety of life, consideration of nature – like solutions: on the one hand – the introduction of
it into the environment changed by technology, and on the other-the possibility of using nature-like
technologies in the implementation and development of it. The metaphor of nature likeness is considered
in relation to these aspects. A system of basic concepts in the context of the use of nature-like
technologies in solving problems of digitalization is proposed. The issues of convergence of technologies
on the example of functions to ensure the safety of subjects, as well as the advantages and limitations
of objects of biological and technological evolution. The classification of security threats in
natural and technical systems in the conditions of digitalization and related issues of goal-setting and
adaptation of society to changes are given. It is noted that for the first time society and nature are connected
by a single information framework based on global public communications and information
processing capabilities. The formation of a universal history for each of the objects reflected in it, together
with new opportunities, generates significant security threats and risks in the human environment
of the object. It is noted that nature-like technologies can help in solving many problems in the
introduction of digital technologies, including in solving the problems of ensuring the safety of activities
in the digital infrastructure.
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Simulation |
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Theory and practice |
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The article is devoted to the development of a spreadsheet model of a fast food restaurant. When
creating the model, the data of real object was used. The type of distribution was determined using
the Chi square test. The model includes two phases of request processing related to the purchase and
preparation of meals and table service. Requests can come in groups of several people. Customers do
not receive service if the queue length exceeds the maximum value or if all tables are occupied. The
model is implemented using Excel formulas without programming. The program developed by the
authors was used for the implementation of multiple simulation. The program includes a set of typical
scenarios designed to handle a spreadsheet model. This eliminates the need for programming and
speeds up the process of working with the model. As a result of computational experiments were calculated
indicators such as average revenue, the average number of failures and the average waiting
time. The article may be useful for readers, who want to create basic models of queues systems using
spreadsheets. The model can be used both in the educational process and in the study of the process
of restaurant service and decision-making to improve it.
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Actor modeling |
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The preconditions of creation, conceptual bases and main functions of the new environment of simulation
modeling GPSS Studio for the study of complex discrete – event systems are analyzed and formulated.
The simulation language GPSS World is used as the modeling core of the environment. When
creating a modeling environment, a number of new concepts are introduced. It is – a single research
space, a simulation research project, dynamic monitoring of the model, a simulation application, and
a virtual report. The possibilities of complex application of the modeling environment at all stages of
simulation with the use. It is – of hierarchical structural schemes of the model, text editor, automatic
generation of the model text, debugger, interactive standard modeling report, databases of the model
source data and simulation results, means of operational analysis of the dynamics of changes in the
model indicators. Special attention is paid to the creation of simulation applications independent of
the simulation environment. The basic tools of the environment for creating simple and accessible
for the mass user simulation applications, taking into account the specifics of the subject area of the
system under study are described. As a result, the created application can be operated by a specialist
without additional programming.
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Laboratory |
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Performance management |
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Every day, a large number of appeals (statements, proposals or complaints) submitted in unstructured
text form are received on Internet portals and e-mails of public authorities. The quality and speed
of automatic processing of such electronic messages directly depend on the correctness of their classification
(rubrication). It consists in assigning the received message to one or several thematic rubrics
that determine the directions of the departments. The choice of a mathematical approach to analysis
and rubrication directly depends on the characteristics of incoming appeals. The analysis of their specifics
(small size, the presence of errors, a free-style of the problem statement, etc.) has revealed the
impossibility of using classical approaches to the classification of text documents. The article suggests
using the apparatus of fuzzy decision tree for rubricating small-sized unstructured text documents arriving
at Internet portals and e-mails of public authorities. It allows classification under conditions of
the rubric intersection and a lack of statistical information for applying probabilistic and neural network
methods. The proposed model for the document rubrication is distinguished by the consideration
of syntactic relationships and roles of words in the sentences based on the use of binary fuzzy decision
tree. The tree is constructed on the basis of the results of analysis of the degree of rubric thesaurus intersection
and the distances between rubrics in the n-dimensional feature space.
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Models and Methods |
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The paper deals with the analysis of the microservices architecture quality, which is one of the fundamental
software trends to the development and maintenance of modern information systems. The selection
of the optimal set of microservices implementing information system business processes with a
given level of service quality is an important task to improve the efficiency of the system. The solution
of this problem occurs under conditions of high uncertainty due to the lack of data, the complexity of
the description of the functional relationships, that determine the quality of microservices assigned to
business tasks of information system. Integral assessment of the quality of microservices depends on
functional (qualitative) and non-functional (quantitative) parameters, which adds complexity to the
solution of this problem. Existing approaches to the problem do not fully take into account all the factors
that determine such a choice. Implementation of continuous delivery of software components for
dynamic business processes can be carried out by different sets of microservices, the optimal choice,
and composition of which is a complex multi-alternative task. A fuzzy model is proposed for the selection
of a set of microservices with specified levels of service quality. An example shows the possibility
of the microservices-based architecture quality assessment using a fuzzy approach.
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